Friends and family, however, simply called him "Cump." 2. But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. [295] More recently, historians such as Brian Holden-Reid have challenged such readings of Sherman's record and of his contributions to modern warfare. Grant may have had to intervene to save Sherman from dismissal for having overstepped his authority. [75], The engagement at Bull Run ended in a disastrous defeat for the Union, dashing the hopes for a rapid resolution of the conflict over secession. [178] On January 12, Sherman and Stanton met in Savannah with twenty local black leaders, most of them Baptist or Methodist ministers, invited by Sherman. [290] Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Southern ideals of chivalry supposedly embodied by General Lee. You mistake, too, the people of the North. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. Then, as now, neatness in dress and form, with a strict conformity to the rules, were the qualifications required for office, and I suppose I was found not to excel in any of these. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. Place of Burial: Mansfield, Richland County, OH, United States. Sherman commanded a brigade of volunteers at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861 before being transferred to the Western Theater. "Lick 'em tomorrow, though. [142] Sherman then dispatched a message to Lincoln, offering him the city as a Christmas present.[143][e]. [238][239] Sherman encouraged bison hunting by private citizens and, when Congress passed a law in 1874 to protect the bison from over-hunting, Sherman helped convince President Grant to use a pocket veto to prevent it from coming into force. [213] This made repairs extremely difficult at a time when the Confederacy lacked both iron and heavy machinery.[214]. Wife of Robert McComb. He married Eleanor Boyle Ewing on 1 May 1850, in Washington D.C., United States. [111], During the siege of Vicksburg, Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston had gathered a force of 30,000 men in Jackson, Mississippi, with the intention of relieving the garrison under the command of John C. Pemberton that was trapped inside Vicksburg. William H. Warner in surveying the new city of Sacramento, laying its street grid in 1848. [227], There was little large-scale military action against the Indians during the first three years of Sherman's tenure as divisional commander, as Sherman allowed negotiations between the U.S. government and Indian leaders to proceed, while he built up his troops and awaited completion of the Union Pacific and Kansas Pacific Railroads. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. [l], The gilded bronze Sherman Memorial (1902) by Augustus Saint-Gaudens stands at the Grand Army Plaza near the main entrance to New York City's Central Park. Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, U.S. Army, stands accused of four counts of war crimes. [247] The Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. Try refreshing the page. The Scourge of War: The Life of William Tecumseh Sherman By Brian Holden Reid Oxford University Press, 2020, $34.95. Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Alice French (aka Octave Thanet) Novelist and Short Story Writer 6th cousin 1 time removed via Rev. [236] In 1873, Sherman wrote in a private letter that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. Saved In December, he was put on leave by Henry W. Halleck, commander of the Department of the Missouri, who found him unfit for duty and sent him to Lancaster, Ohio, to recuperate. Immediate Family: Daughter of Hon. Today we are pleased to welcome guest author Derek D. Maxfield with a review of Robert L. O'Connell's Fierce Patriot: The Tangled Lives of William Tecumseh Sherman (New York: Random House, 2014). [307], The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument (1903) by Carl Rohl-Smith[308] stands near President's Park in Washington, D.C.[309] The bronze monument consists of an equestrian statue of Sherman and a platform with a soldier at each corner, representing the infantry, artillery, cavalry, and engineer branches of the U.S. Army. Wrong username or password. The Sherman's were well educated and highly cultured by Lancaster standards at this time. HE MARRIED HIS FOSTER SISTER. Sherman served in that capacity from 1869 until 1883 and was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars. [262], In 1886, after the publication of Grant's memoirs, Sherman produced a "second edition, revised and corrected" of his own memoirs. (#17258) FamousKin.com. He was particularly interested in targeting South Carolina, the first state to secede from the Union, because of the effect that it would have on Southern morale. Add a caption. [12] He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance. [166][167][168] Before the war, Sherman expressed some sympathy with the view of Southern whites that the black race was benefiting from slavery, although he opposed breaking up slave families and advocated that laws forbidding the education of slaves be repealed. [126] He conducted a series of flanking maneuvers through rugged terrain against Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee, attempting a direct assault only at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. Linked pages will continue with descendants of each main line, in a growing database of Sherman lines, both of English and other roots. In October 1876, Grant, after issuing a proclamation, instructed Sherman to gather all available Atlantic region troops and dispatch them to South Carolina to stop the mob violence. Local Native American Lumbee guides helped Sherman's army cross the Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina. Union Army - U.S. Civil War. Grave. : Dear Tommy", "General William Tecumseh Sherman 1888, cast 1910", "The sculpture "Victory" fully restored, on display at the Memorial Amphitheater", "General William Tecumseh Sherman Statue", "Firefighters are girding Earth's biggest tree. War is a terrible thing! If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. War & Affiliation Civil War / Union. George H. Thomas and John M. Schofield to deal with Hood; their forces eventually smashed Hood's army in the battles of Franklin (November 30) and Nashville (December 1516). Despite his harsh treatment of the warring tribes, Sherman spoke out against speculators and government agents who abused the Native Americans living within the reservations. He was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on February 8, 1820. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. [95][96] In July, Grant's situation improved when Halleck left for the East to become general-in-chief. Charles Robert Sherman, was 31 and his mother, Mary Elizabeth Hoyt, was 32. Senator from Ohio [1830-1836] and later a member of the cabinet under four U.S. Presidents, William Henry . "[71] In May, however, he offered himself for service in the regular Army. [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. [231] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. He played a role in triggering the California Gold Rush. 15. [228] In one instance, he was summoned to testify as a witness in Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial. Unbeknownst to Sherman, Grant abandoned his advance, and Sherman's river expedition met more resistance than expected. [210] Consuming supplies, wrecking infrastructure, and undermining morale were Sherman's stated goals, and several of his Southern contemporaries noted this and commented on it. One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. Includes citations for all sources. Learn more about possible network issues or contact support for more help. Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on February 8, 1820. Upon hearing that Sherman's men were advancing on corduroy roads through the Salkehatchie swamps at a rate of a dozen miles per day, Johnston "made up his mind that there had been no such army in existence since the days of Julius Caesar". Lincoln happened to be at City Point at the same time, making possible the only three-way meeting of Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman during the war. This made Sherman senior in rank to Ulysses S. Grant, his future commander. After his father died at an early age, Sherman's mother split the family. [173] Sherman's views on race evolved significantly over time. posed that the Sherman stamp be is-sued only if the federal government promised to pay for the devastation the Northern commander had heaped on the Peach State in 1864.1 Thus, although three-quarters of a century had elapsed since those fate-ful Civil War days, the South had maintained a deep-seated hatred for William T. Sherman. The only general engagement during Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas, the Battle of Bentonville, took place on March 1921, 1865. Sherman died of pneumonia in New York City at 1:50PM on February 14, 1891, six days after his 71st birthday. [163], Grant then offered Johnston purely military terms, similar to those that he had negotiated with Lee at Appomattox. The burning of Columbia has engendered controversy ever since, with some claiming the fires were a deliberate act of vengeance by the Union troops and others that the fires were accidental, caused in part by the burning bales of cotton that the retreating Confederates left behind them.[151]. On the other hand, he was adamantly opposed to the secession of the southern states. . Nancy Studebaker 1837 - 1900. Charles Robert Sherman and Mary Sherman. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." His father, a lawyer and jurist, died when he was nine, leaving the family destitute. In 1829, when Sherman was 9, his father died unexpectedly. [195], Liddell Hart credited Sherman with mastery of maneuver warfare, also known as the "indirect approach". [123] When Lincoln called Grant east in the spring of 1864 to take command of all the Union armies, Grant appointed Sherman (by then known to his soldiers as "Uncle Billy") to succeed him as head of the Military Division of the Mississippi, which entailed command of Union troops in the Western Theater of the war. Liddell Hart's claims for his own influence on the German doctrine of, Sherman wrote in a letter to Halleck, dated December 24, 1864, "that we are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war, as well as their organized armies.". in New York City, New York, USA, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: William Tecumseh SHERMAN (1820), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. [65][66], Sherman then moved to St. Louis to become president of a streetcar company called the "Fifth Street Railroad". In one amusing change to his text, Sherman dropped the assertion that, A "third edition, revised and corrected" of Sherman's memoirs was put out in 1890 by, According to Victor Davis Hanson, "In the eyes of Lewis and Liddell Hart, Sherman was a great man, who is judged on what he did and not on what he wrote: he saved lives and shortened the war; and he used military science to teach his nation what war is ultimately for. Click on the names below to see their relationship charts. (General William Tecumseh Sherman descends here) 6. [252], During the election of 1876, Southern Democrats who supported Wade Hampton for governor used mob violence to attack and intimidate African American voters in Charleston. Sherman conducted the ensuing Jackson Expedition, which concluded successfully on July 25 with the re-capture of the city of Jackson. [40] Even though he earned a brevet promotion to captain in 1848 for his "meritorious service", his lack of combat experience and relatively slow advancement within the army discouraged him. He later began a new climb to success at Shiloh and Corinth under Grant. 0% Complete. William Tecumseh SHERMAN An accomplished athlete, WW II combat veteran, and a true 20th century gentleman, passed away peacefully in his sleep Sunday, May 23, after a brief illness. Grant then ordered Thomas to attack at the center of the Confederate line. Born in Ohio into a politically prominent family, Sherman graduated in 1840 from the United States Military Academy at West Point. [278] Thomas's decision to abandon his career as a lawyer in 1878 to join the Jesuits and prepare for the Catholic priesthood caused Sherman profound distress, and he referred to it as a "great calamity". [9] He recovered and forged a close partnership with General Ulysses S. Grant. Sheridan used hard-war tactics similar to those he and Sherman had employed in the Civil War. . [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. At 8 p.m. on Jan. 12, 1865, days after his "march to the sea," Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman met with 20 Black ministers on the second floor of his headquarters in Savannah, Ga. Instead of complying, he resigned his position as superintendent, declaring to the governor of Louisiana that "on no earthly account will I do any act or think any thought hostile to or in defiance of the old Government of the United States. [119][120] Sherman's army captured the city of Meridian on February 14 and proceeded to destroy 105 miles of railroad and 61 bridges, while burning at least 10 locomotives and 28 railcars. [232], Sherman regarded the expansion of the railroad system "as the most important element now in progress to facilitate the military interests of our Frontier". The severity of the destructive acts by Union troops was significantly greater in South Carolina than in Georgia or North Carolina. In maneuver warfare, a commander seeks to defeat the enemy on the battleground through shock, disruption, and surprise, while minimizing frontal attacks on well-defended positions. Sherman was fond of the Ewings' eldest daughter, Ellen, and frequently corresponded with her while at West Point. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". At Shiloh, he may have wished to avoid appearing overly alarmed in order to escape the kind of criticism he had received in Kentucky. After Gen William Tecumseh Sherman recommended slaughtering buffalo to deny Native Americans a food supply, the number of buffalo killings soared. This message was put on a vessel on December 22, passed on by telegram from Fort Monroe, Virginia, and apparently received by Lincoln on Christmas Day itself. Sherman and Ellen had eight children, including three sons in addition to Willie, but none came close to replacing him in their father's affections. Parents. [29] During that voyage, Sherman grew close to Ord and especially to the intellectually distinguished Halleck. "[88][89], After Grant captured Fort Donelson, Sherman got his wish to serve under Grant when he was assigned on March 1, 1862, to the Army of West Tennessee as commander of the 5th Division. [229] He testified in the trial on April 11 and 13, 1868. Heeding, he would say, "some wise and sudden instinct not to mention retreat," he made a noncommittal remark. In 1864, she took up temporary residence in South Bend, Indiana in order to have her young family educated at the University of Notre Dame and St. Mary's College, both Catholic institutions. His father Charles Robert Sherman, a successful lawyer who sat on the Ohio Supreme Court, died unexpectedly in 1829. Death: January 09, 1862 (45) Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio, United States. Died on February 14, 1891 in New York City, New York, USA. [In his Memoirs] the vigorous account of his pre-war activities and his conduct of his military operations is varied in just the right proportion and to just the right degree of vivacity with anecdotes and personal experiences. Evarts, the polished, urbane, witty New Yorker; George Hoar, the sharp, petulant, bright, nagging New Englander; John Sherman, the unostentatious, but persistent Westerner. Sherman accepted the surrender of all the Confederate armies in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in April 1865, but the terms that he negotiated were considered too generous by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, who ordered General Grant to modify them. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. "[283] Upon Sherman's death, his son Thomas publicly declared: "My father was baptized in the Catholic Church, married in the Catholic Church, and attended the Catholic Church until the outbreak of the civil war. [269][270], Sherman's body was then transported to St. Louis, where another service was conducted at a local Catholic church on February 21, 1891. I want peace, and believe it can only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect and early success. It was a bitterly cold day and a friend of Johnston, fearing that the general might become ill, asked him to put on his hat. [86], By mid-December 1861 Sherman had recovered sufficiently to return to service under Halleck in the Department of the Missouri. National Archives. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. [127] In July, the cautious Johnston was replaced by the more aggressive John Bell Hood, who played to Sherman's strength by challenging him to direct battles on open ground. [271] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. (Microfilm Edition) University of Notre Dame Descriptive information at http://archives.nd.edu/findaids/ead/html/shr.htm William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 -1891) was one of the most prominent of the Union's Civil War generals and for many years thereafter Commanding General of the Army. [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. The site was chosen because Sherman was reported to have stood there while reviewing returning Civil War troops in May 1865. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. Sherman, beset by hallucinations and unreasonable fears and finally contemplating suicide, had been relieved from command in Kentucky. [103] Grant, who was on poor terms with McClernand, regarded this as a politically motivated distraction from the efforts to take Vicksburg, but Sherman had targeted Arkansas Post independently and considered the operation worthwhile. Sherman then became the military governor of occupied Memphis. Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States. Historian Mark Grimsley promoted the use of the term "hard war" to refer to this strategy in the context of the U.S. Civil War. Ellen's father, Thomas Ewing, was the US Secretary of the Interior at that time. "[92], Despite being caught unprepared by the attack, Sherman rallied his division and conducted an orderly, fighting retreat that helped avert a disastrous Union rout. [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. View Site William Tecumseh Sherman, Sr. (1820 - 1891) - Genealogy [97], On November 1862, U. S. Grant, acting as commander of the Union forces in the state of Mississippi, launched a campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, the principal Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River. His father was a prominent lawyer, but when he died suddenly in 1829, he left his wife and eleven children with limited financial resources. [47], Sherman suffered from asthma attacks, which he attributed in part to stress caused by the city's aggressive business culture. [299] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[300] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[301] John F. Marszalek,[302] and Brian Holden-Reid[303] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. He was one of eleven children born to Charles and Mary Sherman but was raised in the family of influential politician Thomas Ewing following the death of his father. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. According to Lewis's account, which was repeated by later authors, Sherman was baptized in the Ewing home by a Dominican priest who found the pagan name "Tecumseh" unsuitable and instead named the child "William" after the saint on whose feast day the baptism took place. You are bound to fail. His conduct and deportment toward us characterized him as a friend and a gentleman. [136][137] Sherman left forces under Maj. Gens. After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing, a prominent member of the Whig Party who served as senator from Ohio and as the first Secretary of the Interior. When William Tecumseh Sherman Jr. was born on 8 June 1854, in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, his father, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, was 34 and his mother, Eleanor Boyle Ewing, was 29. About Me. According to British military historian Brian Holden-Reid, "if Sherman had committed tactical errors during the attack, he more than compensated for these during the subsequent retreat". American soldier, businessman, educator and author. However, Sherman had proceeded without authority from Grant, the newly installed President Andrew Johnson, or the Cabinet. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. He privately ridiculed Lincoln's call for 75,000 three-month volunteers to quell secession, reportedly saying: "Why, you might as well attempt to put out the flames of a burning house with a squirt-gun. American Civil War, Mexican-American War, War of 1812, American soldier, businessman, educator and author, Born on Tuesday, February 8, 1820 In October, Sherman succeeded Anderson in command of that department. ", Sherman to Grant, February 15, 1862, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 4:216n, Sherman to Grant, December 28, 1866, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 16:422. [226] To escape from these difficulties, Sherman moved his headquarters to St. Louis in 1874. The massive Confederate attack on the morning of April 6, 1862, took most of the senior Union commanders by surprise. After Sherman's departure the spokesman for the black leaders, Baptist minister Garrison Frazier,[181][182] declared in response to Stanton's inquiry about the feelings of the black community: We looked upon General Sherman prior to his arrival as a man in the providence of God specially set apart to accomplish this work, and we unanimously feel inexpressible gratitude to him, looking upon him as a man that should be honored for the faithful performance of his duty. One of 11 children, Sherman was born to a prominent family in Lancaster . In his memoirs, Sherman would later write that he saw that new assignment as breaking a promise by President Lincoln that he would not be given such a prominent leadership position. He passed away on 30 June 1951 in Virginia, St Louis, Minnesota, USA. [79] Sherman was then assigned to serve under Robert Anderson in the Department of the Cumberland, in Louisville, Kentucky. [197][198][f] Another World War II-era student of Liddell Hart's writings on Sherman was General George S. Patton,[199] who "spent a long vacation studying Sherman's campaigns on the ground in Georgia and the Carolinas, with the aid of [Liddell Hart's] book" and later "carried out his [bold] plans, in super-Sherman style". Lampson Parker Sherman . However, he died when Sherman was just 9 and left his widow with 11 children to bring up and very little money. [42] Ellen Ewing Sherman was a devout Catholic, and the couple's children were reared in that faith. This helped ensure that the Mississippi River would remain in Union hands for the remainder of the war. When Sherman's train passed Collierville it came under attack by 3,000 Confederate cavalry and eight guns under James Ronald Chalmers. See more Charles Taylor Sherman (Feb. 3, 1811-Jan. 1, 1879) Mary Elizabeth Sherman Reese (April 21, 1812-Aug. 1900) Sherman served for four years at Fort Moultrie in the 1840s. [243], Much of Sherman's time as Commanding General was devoted to making the Western and Plains states safe for settlement through the continuation of the Indian Wars, which included three significant campaigns: the Modoc War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. The Confederate victory at Kennesaw Mountain did little to halt Sherman's advance towards Atlanta. He lived in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, United States in 1860. In his memoirs he noted that "it was a great pity to remove the Seminoles at all," as Florida "was the Indian's paradise" and still had (at the time that Sherman wrote his memoirs in the 1870s) "a population less than should make a good State. He was devoted to the theater and to amateur painting and was in demand as a colorful speaker at dinners and banquets, in which he indulged a fondness for quoting Shakespeare. After the fall of Atlanta in 1864, Sherman ordered the city's immediate evacuation.
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